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The Purge of the Thirtieth Division is the only known account by any of the eighteen National Guard division commanders mobilized in 1940 and 1941. Russell’s memoir provides not only a first-hand look into the training of National Guard units in preparation for World War II, but also offers a scathing indictment of the Army high command for unfair treatment of National Guard officers. Featuring commentary from a recently retired Army National Guard general, this republication of Russell’s privately printed memoir sheds new light on a controversial chapter of the U.S. Army as it prepared to enter the war.
- Sales Rank: #1944440 in Books
- Published on: 2014-11-15
- Released on: 2014-11-15
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.30" h x 1.00" w x 6.10" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 240 pages
Review
“Anyone interested in the political conflict between the Regular Army and the National Guard must read this book. It provides an interesting but biased opinion of the U.S. Army in 1940-41 that all military historians writing about the World War II period should read and consult."―Journal of America’s Military Past
About the Author
Henry Dozier Russell (1889-1972) commanded the Thirtieth Infantry Division upon its mobilization for federal service in 1940 until he was relieved of the unit’s command in 1942. He later commanded the newly created Forty-Eighth Infantry Division (National Guard) until his retirement in 1951.
Lawrence M. Kaplan is the command historian for U.S. Army Cyber Command and the author of Homer Lea: American Soldier of Fortune and editor of The Artillery Service in the War of the Rebellion. He lives in Reston, Virginia.
Most helpful customer reviews
4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Important for Military Professionals
By Richard E. Wynn
This book ought to be required reading at the Army War College and Command & General Staff school. It should be recommended for the mobilization school. It is a first-hand account of the most unsavory aspect of US mobilization in WW II, namely, discrimination against the National Guard and the purge of its senior officers in order to promote regulars. Whether this was "furtherance of the general War Department plan for reorganization of the National Guard and the purge of its senior officer" (p.66) may be debatable, but it is a fact that it happened. The very scope of the purge -- 17 out of 18 Guard commanders relieved along with a proportionate number of senior staff - gives credence to the author's charges.
The book is not a fair and balanced account. It is totally pro-National Guard and totally anti-regular Army. The author was an attorney and piles on evidence as a lawyer building a case. He led the 30th Division for 10 years until relieved of command in April, 1942. He alleges his division's performance in the Tennessee Maneuvers was maliciously downgraded by the 2nd Army commander in order to make the 30th's parent unit's 1st Army commander look bad. He details rigged tests and fraudulent evaluations. He maintains he was pressured to relieve competent officers and replace them with inexperienced regulars, and that when he would not comply, he himself was relieved in what amounted to a kangaroo court proceeding. But the book is more than just paranoiac ranting by a man bitter over losing his job. It is both a corrective to the historical record and a cautionary tale with lessons applicable to current military needs.
Historically, the author's main assertions are supported by statements in Gen Bradley's 1983 memoir, "A General's Life," by two WWII division histories I have read, less specifically in Christopher Gabel's "US Army GHQ Maneuvers of 1941," and by my personal observations serving in both regular and reserve components of the US Army over several decades. It is known that Gen Leslie McNair proposed abolishing the National Guard divisions and using their personnel as fillers in regular units (source: Bradley, et al) but was over-ruled by Gen Marshall. Neverthe-less, he engineered the relief and replacement of many capable officers causing resentment that persists to this day.
The most controversial aspect of this account is the culpability of George C. Marshall. Marshall was a great man who accomplished great things, but he was not without flaws. It is well-known that he kept a list of promising younger officers, like Eisenhower and Bradley, destined for future command. It is less well-know that he also had a 'bad boy' list of officers who had displeased him and whose careers were ever afterward doomed. Bradley recounts saving one such officer who was a victim of mistaken identity on Marshall's lists. This gives credence to Gen Russell's charges in Chapter 8, although the book is not without errors, some noted by the editor.
Describing the Carolina Maneuvers of 1941, in one place the author confuses Gen Drum, the Blue Force commander, with Gen Griswold, the Red commander. His description of unit deployments is unclear and does not match that in Gabel's "GHQ Maneuvers of '41," nor does his chronology. He attributes the famous capture of a Blue Force general as Gen Thompson of 1st Corp, whereas Gabel identifies him as Gen Drum, of 1st Army (Gabel p. 136). Such discrepancies aside, the author's main arguments hold up, though critics will deny it.
Misunderstanding within the military can be found at all levels, but prejudice works both ways. Some regulars continue to be contemptuous of reserves; some reservists, especially Guardsmen, are hypersensitive to any real or imagined slight or criticism; many non-West Pointers resent Academy graduates just on general principles. Attitudes can be changed, and an understanding of the events and opinions in this book can be the start of a corrective.
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Outrageously biased, factually dubious, and politically incorrect--a great book!
By Dwight Gertz
70 years after the events described in this book we still can't decide how much of our military burden should be borne by career professionals and how much should fall to citizen warriors. General Russell's ill tempered rant is extremely valuable because it is an authentic glimpse of the kind of private vituperation that goes on beneath the surface but gets covered over with politeness in public. As a regular who became a reservist I saw both sides of this debate in a 25 year military career. As the military budget declines in the aftermath of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the think tanks and senior staffs are issuing polite opinions about the division of labor among the active force, the reserves, and the national guard but there are modern day Henry Russell's in all three components passionately arguing their cases "off the record." Whoever suggested that this work be dug up and made available has done a great service.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
A whiney self serving memoir
By R. Koons
Book provides insight into the feelings of those officers removed during the US army reorganization at the start of WW II and little else. The author, a lawyer in non military life, provides a description of his relief as commander of a National Guard division. Short on facts, or reliable details this is a one sided account of the Army effort to simultaneously reorganize and expand from late 1940. No comparison of senior officer guard vs regular training or experiece. No examples of excellent service of relieved 30th officers in war service. Endlessly repetitious the book could have used a good editor while the author was alive. The author has many prejudices anti regular, anti reserve, anti Washington, and even anti immigrant as he bashes Gen Kruger "The German", who had an excellent record commanding reorganized Guard divisions in the Pacific. Save your money buy another book.
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